[55] Parliamentary elections were held on 8 November 1989, the first in 22 years. [55] Although most members of the commission were regime loyalists, it included a number of opposition figures and dissidents. Crown Prince Hussein's fiance was raised in the Kingdom. She is British by birth, but was renamed Muna al-Hussein at the time of the marriage for the sake of Jordanian culture. [22] The Iraqis sent a brigade to Jordan on 13 July at Hussein's request. [13] Hussein was also supportive of the moves. [43] The talks between Arab countries and Israel resulted in a deadlock. [26] The rapprochement with Nasser happened during the 1964 Arab League summit in Cairo, where the Palestine Liberation Army (PLA) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) were established, and where Jordan agreed to join the United Arab Command. [60] After informing the American president George H. W. Bush of his intention to travel to Baghdad to contain the situation,[60] Hussein travelled to Baghdad on 3 August for a meeting with Saddam; at the meeting, the latter announced his intention to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait only if Arab governments refrained from issuing statements of condemnation, and no foreign troops were involved. [10], The teenaged king inherited the throne not only of Jordan, but also of the West Bank, captured by Jordan during the 1948 ArabIsraeli War and annexed in 1950. [78], On 25 January, the day after he proclaimed Abdullah as crown prince, Hussein returned abruptly to the United States, after experiencing fevers a sign of recurrent lymphoma. [38] After failing to capture Yasser Arafat, the PLO leader, Israeli forces withdrew or were repulsed, but not before destroying the Karameh camp[39] and sustaining relatively high casualties. [80] The crowds chanted his name, some weeping, others holding his pictures. Every aspect of life was interrelated and interlinked in some way or another. [63] He called on extremists on both the right and left of the political spectrum to end their opposition to the peace negotiations, denounced what he saw as the Gulf countries' undemocratic nature, and called on Saddam to introduce democracy to Iraq. [10] Curfews imposed by the Arab Legion did little to alleviate the situation and tensions persisted throughout 1955. [23] Al-Shar'a was tried and received the death penalty; Hussein reduced his sentence to life imprisonment. [63] Hussein agreed to an American request to join an international peace conference so that Jordan could start repairing its relationship with the United States and end its political isolation. [60] An Arab League summit held in Cairo issued a condemnation of Iraq with a fourteen-vote majority, despite calls by Jordan's foreign minister Marwan Al-Kasim that this move would hinder Hussein's efforts to reach a peaceful resolution. [10], A three-man regency council made up of the prime minister and heads of the Senate and the House of Representatives was appointed until he became 18 (by the Muslim calendar). The King of Jordan has secretly acquired luxury homes in Malibu and Washington DC in the US and London and Ascot in the UK In Malibu, California, he spent 50m ($68m) on three clifftop mansions. [88] In 1960 only 33% of Jordanians were literate; by 1996 this number had climbed to 85.5%. One had to do something; one had to explore what was possible and what was not. [55] The National Charter sought to set a timetable for democratization acts. "[20] Although Faisal and Hussein enjoyed a very close relationship, Faisal's Iraqi entourage looked down on Jordan; Hussein attributed this attitude to Iraqi crown prince 'Abd al-Ilah's influence. [42] Ultimately, Hussein's proposal was ruled out after it was vehemently rejected by Israel, the PLO, and several Arab states. [63] At home, the Muslim Brotherhood considered Al-Masri and his government as too liberal, and the Brotherhood merged with independent Islamists and formed the Islamic Action Front (IAF), increasing its representation to 34 in the 80-member House of Representative, a force strong enough to bring down the royally appointed government with a motion of a vote of no confidence. [24] Hussein was tipped off to Al-Shar'a's involvement, but did not reveal it until they both landed back in Jordan. Sensational. As he was flying his own plane over Syria, it was intercepted by two Syrian jets that attempted to attack. Feeble and witless congressmen posture and puff their chests at China, hoping to receive some pickup on social media. Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein is the 41st direct descendent of Prophet Muhammad and the present king of Jordan. He was born on November 14, 1935 and his birthplace is Amman, Jordan. King Hussein of Jordan rose to prime prominence as a World Leader. [50] The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. [6] Abdullah died, but Hussein survived the assassination attempt and, according to witnesses, pursued the assassin. Hussein led his country through four turbulent decades of the ArabIsraeli conflict and the Cold War, successfully balancing pressures from Arab nationalists, Islamists, the Soviet Union, Western countries, and Israel, transforming Jordan by the end of his 46-year reign into a stable modern state. [20] Aref replied, "You look after yourselves. [17] Hussein reacted by imposing martial law. The crown prince has already had helicopter training and holds a high rank in the Jordanian Armed Forces after training at the King Abdullah . [63] When Hussein went back healed to Jordan, he received a hero's welcome a third of Jordan's population filled the streets to greet him. He was at the Summit of the Peacemakers with politicians like Bill Clinton. [10] The country was poor in natural resources, and had a large Palestinian refugee population resulting from the war the annexation of the West Bank had made Palestinians two-thirds of the population, outnumbering Jordanians. instance of. With a reign that long, it seemed almost inevitable that Hussein made more than a few enemies. Sunday, February 7, 1999 Published at 17:30 GMT. [45] On 13 October Jordan joined the war and sent the 40thbrigade to assist the Syrians in the Golan Heights. King Hussein I often publicly expressed his admiration. [22], In 1959, Hussein embarked on a tour to different countries to consolidate bilateral ties. [79] Hussein arrived at the King Hussein Medical Center in Amman where it was raining heavily, yet thousands flocked from all over Jordan and gathered at the main entrance. On July 20, 1951, his grandfather, King Abdullah was . Foreign policy In his new role, Abdullah continued to follow many of his father's policies. [67] He travelled to the Israeli town of Beit Shemesh to offer his condolences to the grieving families of the Israeli children killed. [48], When the PLO moved to Lebanon from Jordan after 1970, repeated attacks and counter-attacks occurred in southern Lebanon between the PLO and Israel. [60] Both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia viewed Hussein with suspicion they distrusted him and believed he was planning to obtain a share of Kuwait's wealth. [25] He was later pardoned and released after Hussein received a plea from the cook's daughter. From 1979 until 2003, Saddam Hussein was the dictator of Iraq. [67] Israel's actions during the 1996 Qana massacre in Southern Lebanon, the Likud government's decision to build settlements in East Jerusalem, and the events at the Temple Mount where clashes between Palestinian and Israeli police ensued after Israeli tunnel diggings around the Mount, generated an uproar of criticism for Netanyahu in the Arab World. [63] Thus, the PLO and Israeli representatives were quick to reach an agreement, which culminated in the 1993 Oslo Accords. The CIA introduced King Hussein of Jordan to a Jewish B-list Hollywood actress in 1959 touching off an affair that produced a dwarf love child who later killed her, reports say. King Hussein bin Talal (1935-1999) His Majesty King Hussein bin Talal, the father of modern Jordan, will always be remembered as a leader who guided his country through strife and turmoil to become an oasis of peace, stability and moderation in the Middle East. King Hussein was the King of Jordan from 1952 until his death in 1999. [55], A UN-brokered ceasefire became active in July 1988, ending the Iran-Iraq war. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: Husayn bin Tall) (November 14, 1935 - February 7, 1999) was born in Amman to Prince Talal bin Abdullah and Princess Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil, of the royal Hashemite family. [26] Hussein received a warm welcome after visiting West Bank cities afterwards. [63] But when Hussein replaced his conservative prime minister, Mudar Badran, with liberal Palestinian Taher Al-Masri, who was in favor of peace negotiations with Israel, the Muslim Brotherhood Jordan's main opposition group, who at that time occupied 22 out of 80 seats in the House of Representatives, and whose members and support came mostly from Palestinians in the country vehemently rejected the new prime minister by voting against him during the vote of confidence. "[52] US Secretary of State George P. Shultz set up a peace process that became known as the Schulz Initiative. [67] The King, who was on an official visit to Spain, returned home immediately. [67] Hussein's wife, Queen Noor, later claimed her husband was having trouble sleeping: "Everything he had worked for all his life, every relationship he had painstakingly built on trust and respect, every dream of peace and prosperity he had had for Jordan's children, was turning into a nightmare. [13] Hussein was furious but Nabulsi discouraged him from intervening. [90] The price of establishing peace with Israel in 1994 he had to pay domestically, with mounting Jordanian opposition to Israel concentrating its criticism on the King. He has been married to Queen Rania since June 10, 1993. "[49] Sharon boasted: "One speech by me will make King Hussein realize that the time has come to pack his bags. [85] After renouncing ties to the West Bank in 1988, he remained committed to solving the conflict. Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty King Hussein Ibn Talal of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. If we look at even a flu epidemic, it affected both of us. . [63] The peace conference convened on 30 October 1991, with delegations representing all parties to the conflict, the United States and the Soviet Union as co-sponsors, and the United Nations as observer. [84], Israeli writer Avi Shlaim sees that the assassination of Hussein's grandfather King AbdullahI in Jerusalem was the most formative event in Hussein's life, as he had witnessed the event personally at the age of 15. [21] An officer in Jordan was arrested for plotting to assassinate Hussein. "[67], On 27 September 1997 eight Mossad agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and attempted to assassinate Jordanian citizen Khaled Mashal, head of the Palestinian group Hamas. Famous Prince Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan was born on June 28, 1994 in Amman. [2] He was enthroned on 2 May 1953, the same day that his cousin Faisal II assumed his constitutional powers as king of Iraq. Two men have pleaded guilty to a terrifying assault on a driver waiting to be tested for Covid during the height of the pandemic. 2. They called him " Hayenuka ," the child. [85] The decision cost him half his kingdom and his grandfather's legacy. Jordan's former crown prince Hamzah bin Hussein, the half-brother of the country's ruler King Abdullah II, claims he has been placed in isolation and his communication cut off, in a video . [67] The soldier was determined to be mentally unstable by a Jordanian military tribunal and was sentenced to 20years in prison, which he served entirely. [63] The conference set a framework for negotiations, and PLO representatives offered to accept a Palestinian state under a confederation with Jordan. [59] Hussein had advised Saddam after 1988 to polish his image in the West by visiting other countries, and by appearing at the United Nations for a speech, but to no avail. [44] Sadat informed Al-Rifai that he had been planning a limited incursion in the Sinai that would allow some political manoeuvring. [10] Nasserism (a socialist Pan-Arabist ideology) swept the Arab World in the 1950s, and the proposal to join the pact triggered large riots in the country. [55] In May 1989, just before the elections, Hussein announced his intention to appoint a 60-person royal commission to draft a reformist document named the National Charter. [13], The parliament that had been elected in 1954 was dissolved, and Hussein promised fair elections. [52] In a meeting in November 1988 the PLO accepted all United Nations resolutions and agreed to recognize Israel. [89], The King disliked paperwork, and had no solid view for the economy. [65] Efraim Halevy, then head of the Israeli intelligence agency (Mossad), claims that Hussein had preferred Netanyahu over Peres as he had deeply mistrusted the latter. He became the second Arab Head of State to recognize Israel in 1994 and years later he was invited to give a speech during the funeral of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin . [23] News of the arrest of the conspiring officers in Jordan coincided with Hussein's visit to the US. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. . [87], In 1977, Bob Woodward of The Washington Post reported that King Hussein received funds from the CIA for 20 years. Abdullah has ruled Jordan since the death in 1999 of his father, Hussein, who positioned. [85], He was also seen as too lenient toward some ministers who were alleged to be corrupt. He also accused him of abusing his powers as regent and crown prince. Talal was then the heir to his own father, King Abdullah I. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. [10] In his brief reign, Talal had introduced a modern, somewhat liberal constitution in 1952 that is still in use today. [25], In January 1962 Wasfi Tal was appointed prime minister. He is a first lieutenant in Jordan's armed forces. [98] The cover of the paperback version of Queen Noor's book Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life features a photo of the King and Queen riding a Harley-Davidson motorcycle. [55] The Jordanian dinar lost a third of its value in 1988, and Jordan's foreign debt reached a figure double that of its gross national product (GNP). Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. [10] The country held parliamentary elections in October 1954, while the country's parties were not yet fully organized. [64] Consequently, the IAF's seats decreased from 34 to 21 seats out of 80. [75] According to Jordanian government sources, Hussein stated that: I need very much to feel the warmth of my people around me, there is work to be done and I will get the strength from my people to finish the business. "[98], Hussein was also an avid fan of motorcycles. [67] The King lambasted Netanyahu, with the letter's opening sentence stating: "My distress is genuine and deep over the accumulating tragic actions which you have initiated at the head of the Government of Israel, making peace the worthiest objective of my life appear more and more like a distant elusive mirage. Bowen 2003, p.26 (citing Amman Cables 1456, 1457, 11 December 1966, National Security Files (Country File: Middle East), LBJ Library (Austin, Texas), Box 146). [72] Samih Batikhi, the director of the General Intelligence Directorate (mukhabarat), visited Hussein during his stay at the Mayo Clinic to keep him updated. [36] Israel rejected the resolution. [37] The next day, a force from Syria with PLO markings started advancing towards Irbid, which the fedayeen declared a "liberated" city. [51] After reaching an agreement between Hussein and Peres on establishing an international peace conference, Shamir and the rest of the ministers in his cabinet rejected the proposal. [85] The King reacted by introducing restrictions on freedom of speech, and changing the parliamentary electoral law into the one-man, one-vote system in a bid to increase representation of independent regime loyalists and tribal groups at the expense of Islamist and partisan candidates. She also became a longest-standing part of the Board of Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons. [13] Hussein called this a "liberal experiment," to see how Jordanians would "react to responsibility. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Hussein was a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad. [79] On 4 February, and at his request, he was flown to Jordan where he arrived in a coma. [26] His secret rapprochement with Israel was followed by a public rapprochement with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1964, which bolstered Hussein's popularity both in Jordan and in the Arab world. [67] Hussein called American President Clinton and requested his intervention, threatening to annul the treaty if Israel did not provide the antidote. "[32] In a meeting with American officials, Hussein, sometimes with tears in his eyes, said: "The growing split between the East Bank and the West Bank has ruined my dreams," and, "There is near despair in the army and the army no longer has confidence in me. [3], Hussein was the namesake of his paternal great-grandfather, Hussein bin Ali (Sharif of Mecca), the leader of the 1916 Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. After completing secondary school. [53] Two days later a royal decree dissolved the House of Representatives, thereby removing West Bank representation in the Parliament. [8], The young prince started his elementary education in Amman. Abdullah II. [61] The United States, seeing Jordan's neutrality as siding with Saddam, cut its aid to Jordan aid on which Jordan depended; Gulf countries soon followed. Biography. [85] He was the region's longest reigning leader, even though he was subject to dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him. [48] In 1978 Hussein went to Baghdad for the first time since 1958; there, he met Iraqi politician Saddam Hussein. [10] Abu Al-Huda lasted only a year, and the government underwent reshuffling three times within the following year. [80], Hussein's flag-draped coffin, accompanied by honor guard troops wearing Keffiyeh, was taken on a 90-minute procession through the streets of the capital city of Amman. On Sunday, members of the Jordanian. "[85], Hussein's policy of co-opting the opposition was his most revered. [63] Hussein then replaced Al-Masri with his conservative cousin Zaid ibn Shaker. [10] The incident led to protests, and in 1954 Hussein dismissed Mulki amid the unrest and appointed staunch royalist Tawfik Abu Al-Huda. Susan and Timothy were supported for many years out of the royal privy purse. King Hussein believed in keeping peace and opposed war since he believed it was pointless. [13] The parliamentary election held on 21 October 1956 saw the National Socialist Party emerge as the largest party, winning 12 seats out of 40 in the House of Representatives. [67] The Mossad operatives were released by Jordan after Israel agreed to release 23 Jordanian and 50 Palestinian prisoners including Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. [85] He was relentless in pursuit of peace, viewing that the only way to solve the conflict was by peaceful means, excluding his decision to join the war in 1967. In the image, the Prince appears very tall,. [77] Hassan gracefully accepted the King's decision on television, and congratulated his nephew Abdullah on his designation as crown prince. Jordan's King Abdullah II and his half-brother Prince Hamzah bin Al Hussein have made their first joint public appearance since a palace feud last week. Princess Muna al-Hussein (born Antoinette Avril Gardiner; 25 April 1941) is the mother of King Abdullah II of Jordan. [64] The treaty was a culmination of over 58 secret meetings over 31 years between Hussein and Israeli leaders.
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